![]() Application of nail hardeners containing formaldehyde can be used to strengthen the nail plate. General therapeutic management may include nail hydration with daily 15-minute soaks using emollients rich in phospholipids. In the context of brittle nails it is important to consider the predominance of either onychoschizia or onychorrhexis and then correct these underlying issues. Toenail cutting services may be an alternative option to those unable to cut their own nails. Owning individual nail clippers and files prevents cross contamination of infections along with regular washing and maintenance. The procedure is known as a partial or full matrixectomy (permanent nail removal). Nail avulsion may lead to chronic ingrown toenails so it may be done in a surgical procedure that destroys the nail matrix (with phenol or a carbon dioxide laser) to prevent ingrown nails. Onychogryphosis is treated with avulsion of the nail plate (complete nail removal), by eg podiatrist with a local anaesthetic. It also leaves the feet and hands a perfect place for different types of fungus to thrive. Left alone, it can lead to nails growing into the skin, causing pain, inflammation and infection. ![]() Sometimes onychogryphosis is congenital, meaning it is present at birth and therefore hereditary. Other cases of onychogryphosis are caused by trauma to the hands and feet, peripheral vascular disease, fungal infections, ichthyosis and syphilis. It is most often seen in the elderly community, as many older people don’t have the ability or wherewithal to practice good hygiene. ![]() Commonly caused by self-neglect coupled with a failure to cut the nails for an extended period of time. Ram’s horns nails, also called onychogryphosis, is a condition characterized by a thickening and lengthening of the fingernails or toenails to such a degree that they begin to resemble claws or a ram’s horn. Ingrown toenails frequently resolve without medical treatment however, chronic or complicated cases may require treatment by a physician. Ingrown toenails can be painful, display redness, swelling, and infection (yellow drainage). Among the various factors causing onychorrhexis are abnormalities of vascularization and oxygenation (such as anemia or arteriosclerosis), as well as systemic (metabolic, endocrine, etc) and dermatologic diseases (disorders of cornification and inflammatory diseases).Īn ingrown toenail (Onychocryptosis) is a common discomfort that involves the nail curving down, into the surrounding skin as it grows. It is usually the result of nail matrix involvement leading to abnormalities in epithelial growth and keratinization. Onychorrhexis frequently manifests as nail plate splitting or ridging, longitudinal thickening, or multiple splits leading to triangular fragments at the free edge.Exogenous factors (eg, repetitive cycles of wetting and drying, trauma, and fungal proteolytic products) and chemicals or cosmetics (eg, cuticle removers, nail enamel solvents, and nail hardeners) are among the underlying causes. Onychoschizia is usually caused by impairment of intercellular adhesion between the corneocytes that make up the nail plate. ![]() It clinically manifested with varying degrees of onychoschizia (localized hypertrophy of the nail plate) or onychorrhexis (subungual corn). īrittle nails (fragilitas unguium) affects around 20% of the population and in most places in the world, this is a conservative estimate in the elderly population. Increased risk of onychomycosis is associated with multiple factors, including male sex, old age, smoking, underlying medical diseases (eg, peripheral arterial disease, diabetes, and immunodeficiency), and predisposing genetic factors. Onychomycosis is the most common nail infection (representing around 50% of all infections) and is common in the elderly. It is estimated that around a third of older people have fungal infections of the toenail, even higher in those with diabetes, CVD or obesity
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